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ପ୍ରତୀତି ଗଭୀର

ହରଷ ବିରସ ଭାବର ଚୟନ
            ଗୋପନେ ଯତନେ ଚେତନାରୁ ଛାଣି
ବୁକୁର ମୁକୁର ପରଶେ ପରଖି       
            ପ୍ରକାର ପ୍ରକାର ଅନୁଭବ ଆଣି  ।।
          
ହତାଶ ବତାସ କରେ ଯେବେ ଗ୍ରାସ
            ନକାର ବିକାର ମନେ ହୁଏ ଠୁଳ
ଅଥାର ଅଥାର ବ୍ୟଥାର ଲହରୀ
            ଗୁମୁରି ଗୁମୁରି ଟପି ଯାଏ କୂଳ ।।

ଗଗନୁ ପବନୁ ଅପସରି ଯାଏ
            ସଘନ ସପନ ସହଜ ମଗନ
ମହଣ ମହଣ ଗ୍ଲାନିର ଓଜନ,
            ଅତୀତ ପ୍ରତୀତ ହୁଏ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ଷଣ  ।।

ବିବଶେ ଦିବସେ ଅମା ଯାଏ ଘୋଟି
            ସୁମରି ସୁମରି ଦୁଃଖ ଅକାରଣ
କାତର ହାତର ପରଶ ସବୁଠି
            ବାୟୁରେ ସ୍ନାୟୁରେ ଭବେ ଅଘଟଣ ।।

ଆମାପ ବିଳାପ ଚାପର ତାପରେ
            କୁହୁଳି କୁହୁଳି ଜଳେ ସିନା ପ୍ରାଣ
ତଥାପି କଦାପି ହୁଏନା ବିଲୟ
            ନିହିତ ବିହିତ ଜୀଇଁବାର ଗାନ ।।

ଉସର ଧୂସର ହୃଦର କଣରେ
            ପଲକେ ଝଲକେ ସୂତାଏ କିରଣ
ନିବୁଜ ସବୁଜ ଚାରା ଫୁଟିଉଠେ
            ସହସା ଭରସା କରେ ଆଗମନ ।।

ଲୁହର କୋହର କବର ଭିତରୁ
            ଜୀବନ ପ୍ଲାବନ ଫେରେନା ଅଚିର
କେବଳ ପ୍ରବଳ ଲୋଡ଼ା ମନୋବଳ
           ମତିରେ ଗତିରେ ପ୍ରତୀତି ଗଭୀର ।।

***

A Donkey’s Life

This is the story of a donkey who had risen to unbelievable fame.

It all began quite accidentally. One fine morning, the humble donkey strayed into a circus tent attracted by the stockpile of hay and grass. Little did he know that he was close to the cages of wild animals. Even before he got a glimpse of the place, a man appeared from nowhere with a big stick in hand and was about to hit him hard. The donkey froze in fear. His usual donkey-instinct would have angered the man further. But something flashed in his mind – he leaned backward stretching his front legs and bowed in submission – an act of surrender he had seen among weak, stray dogs. That unusual behaviour amused the man. The donkey stayed unmoved like a statue. ‘This ass looks special; it may be a good addition to the circus animals. Let me speak to the manager’ – said the man and threw the stick away.

In the beginning, the donkey was trained to perform a funny act with a dwarf clown. The dwarf would make unsuccessful attempts to climb the donkey’s back while the donkey would jump in jerks to make it difficult. Every time the clown fell, the crowd would burst into laughter. And finally, the donkey would bend for the dwarf to mount on his back in triumph. The crowd would clap in appreciation as the donkey would bow before them repeatedly before running backstage.

The donkey was a fantastic discovery for the circus. He picked up new tricks and started participating in dare devil performances, some of them with the ferocious lion. Soon the donkey became the darling of the circus, a star!. He too was enjoying his new-found life, assured food supply and growing popularity. He would often bow in gratitude before Raju, the first soul he had met inside the circus when he trespassed into the tent. Raju had lovingly named him Bitu. Both had connected to each other in an emotional bond. The donkey from a remote village had acquired a respectful identity.

It was no more a donkey’s life!

The good times did not last long. As authoirties banned use of wild animals in circus, the crowd thinned and business declined. Few monkeys, parrots and a donkey could hardly make up for the elephants and lions in the shows. At last, it was Bitu’s turn to be jettisoned. Bitu was sold to Agadhu – a person known to Raju as a fellow villager. As Bitu walked out of the tent, Raju whispered to Agadhu, ‘Please take care of our sweet Bitu. Remember, he is not an ordinary donkey’.    

The world outside was tougher – a donkey did not receive applauds for any reason.

Bitu joined a drove of donkeys in Agadhu’s backyard. The new job had no excitement for a performer like Bitu.  Along side fellow donkeys, Bitu had to carry  pilgrims on his back to a temple located at the hill-top. The path was rough and steep. It was real hard work with inadequate food, and of course cruel punishment received at the drop of a hat. Months passed – the glitters of lights and music of the circus were a distant memory.

One day, while carrying an old pilgrim on his back, Bitu got immersed in his thoughts remembering his debut act in the circus with the clown. Without his knowledge, he jumped in a jerk as if he was playing with the circus clown. He realised his mistake only when the old pilgrim fell precarioously and his master started hitting him mercilessly.

Bitu lost the job and his home. ‘A circus donkey could never be trusted’ said Agadhu while driving him away angrily. Bitu was sad and disappointed – he cursed himself and wandered aimlessly without food and rest. He had no idea what was in store for him. He drank from the river nearby and slept under a tree. Next morning as he was trying to gather himself, he realized that the place looked familiar. Years ago, he had led his juvenile friends on an adventurous trip from their village to this part of the world! It was indeed fun that time!! His eyes glowed with hope as he tried to lick the wounds on his body.

Bitu reached his village after walking a marathon. His joy knew no bounds as he thanked his luck. ‘Life is after all a circle ….. I am back where I started’ –  he told himself.    

However, no one can guess life’s surprises. Bitu was an unwelcome entratnt into the community of donkeys. Instead of a hero’s welcome, Bitu received idifference and agreesion. No one showed any interest in knowing where he had disappeared few years ago. The power equation in the community had changed. He was ridiculed and drawn into brawls. Bitu had no strength to withstand such challenges. He was already groaning with worsening injuries all over his body, thanks to Agadhu and his men. He limped away from the village into a life of solitude. He got used to intimidation from all sorts of animals, who came in his way. Days passed as he was getting too weak even to stand. 

One day, Bitu was lying lifeless near the river. He hardly had strenghth to breathe. Who would believe that this destitute was once a great performer and entertained the intelligent human kind. The hot wind of the summer was hitting on the face; the dust around was making him gasp for breath. He saw a donkey staring at him from a distance perhaps with sympathy – could it be the beginning of a truce? Could it be another call for a fight till he stood no more?

Bitu looked the other way. He felt as if someone was approaching from a distance – in the dusty hot air, the  hazy creature looked like a human figure. Bitu was no more interested in anything; he wanted to die and end the ordeal. But as the human figure closed in, Bitu heard a familiar voice calling out his name. It was Raju! As they met each other, tears rolled down Bitu’s eyes uncontrollably. Bitu tried to sit in the posture of surrender as he had done on the first day when he had met Raju inside the circus tent. Raju hugged him and sobbed.  

Raju sat by Bitu’s side and told his story – how the circus had folded up forcing him to return to his village and how he was worried for Bitu after speaking to Agadhu. Bitu did not understand a word, but was feeling the warmth of love. He discovered some strength within and brayed loudly – perhaps he was trying to validate his own existence. The other donkey staring at Bitu all this while, ran away. Bitu placed his head on Raju’s lap – both sat there for hours.

Few months later, Raju was seen making roadside shows for a living with his companion, Bitu. Those were few tricks Bitu had learnt in the circus that amused the crowd. Bitu had become a part of Raju’s family. Was it a donkey’s life for Bitu and Raju?

ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ

ଗୃହ ବନ୍ଦୀ ମୁଁ ବନ୍ଧା ରହିଛି
          ନିଜ ପ୍ରାଙ୍ଗଣେ ସ୍ବେଚ୍ଛାରେ
ଲୋମ ରନ୍ଧ୍ରରେ ସଂଚରେ ଭୟ
         ଭୂତାଣୁ ଭୟର ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚାରେ ।

ବନ୍ଧୁ ସୋଦର ସଖା ସହଚର
          ପିତାମାତା ପୁଣି ପ୍ରିୟଜନ
ସ୍ପର୍ଶ ତ ଦୂର ସଙ୍ଗ ଅତୀତ
          ସ୍ମରଣୁ ଲିଭୁଛି ସଂଯାନ ।

ନିଶ୍ବାସ କାର ମନ୍ଦ୍ର ଶିଥିଳ
          ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା କରେ ପରାହତ
ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଯୁବକ ସବଳ ଅବଳ
         ଯୁଦ୍ଧେ ଯେପରି ହତାହତ ।

ବିଭୀଷିକା ରଚେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଅକାଳ
        ଜୀବନ ଜୀବିକା ଛାରଖାର
ସର୍ବହରାର ବ୍ୟର୍ଥପଣତା
         ସର୍ଜଇ ଶୋକ ପାରାବାର ।

ବିସ୍ତୃତ ରାଜ ରାସ୍ତାରେ ନାହିଁ
       ଗାଡି ଘୋଡା ଜନ ଗମାଗମ
ସ୍ତବ୍ଧ ସହର ଦଗ୍ଧ ସପନ
       ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ଯା ଶମଶାନ ।

ସୃଷ୍ଟିର ନୁହେଁ ବିଲୟର ଘଡି,
            ଏତ ଚେତାଵନୀ ଅନ୍ତିମ
ପନ୍ଥା କେବଳ ସନ୍ତୁଳନର,
            ଉଦ୍ଦାମ ନୁହେଁ, ସଂଯମ ।

ଅବଦମନୀତ ମାନବ ଚେତନା
              ଜାଗୃତ ହେବ ଅକାତର
ବାତାୟନେ ଦେଖେ ଅସ୍ତ ଅରୁଣ,
               ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ନବ ପ୍ରଭାତର ।


             ****

The Magic Mirror

Anxiety in his voice was palpable as Ashish spoke with me over phone. His predicament was understandable – he had inexplicably seen the same sequence of events in his dream on two consecutive days in the wee hours.

I know, Ashish is rational in his thoughts and would not get perturbed even by the most horrifying dream. His fear, however, came from the unusual repetition of the same dream in his sleep. He could not drop it as a mere coincidence. ‘How can the dream repeat itself bit by bit? There has to be some meaning behind.’ – as if he was seeking validation.

I rubbished all speculation running in his mind as he was interpreting his dream.

Ashish had described his dream to me with bated animation. To tell it in brief, he was walking aimlessly through the Cat Street market in Hong Kong. He is quite familiar with this market as he has visited this place many times when he used to live in Hong Kong. This is a market that attracts tourists looking for antique household objects often representing ancient religious and cultural heritage of the Chinese. He has, in the past, picked up several interesting objects in this market which adorn his shelves back in India. He enjoys telling stories behind these objects to his guests at the slightest interest shown by them.

Coming back to the dream event, Ashish was walking through the busy and narrow lanes of shops with shoppers competing to seek his attention. Suddenly a small placard caught his fancy and he followed a narrow pathway to a tiny shop that sold ‘mirror for the blind’. The prospect of finding something new was exciting him from within. There were many interesting things on display on the shop floor, but he found no mirror. Mirror for the blind seemed an unusual thing to explore. On enquiry, an old, bearded person appeared who looked like a wizard of the fairy tales. He spoke in a deep and heavy voice and bore a mystic aura around him.

The old shop keeper told Ashish to his disappointment, ‘The mirror for the blind is for sale only to the blind. I am afraid we cannot even show it to you. It may indeed be harmful’. The old man was trying to dissuade Ashish from buying the mirror.

But Ashish did not give up – he had rather become more inquisitive. As he insisted, the old man cautioned, ‘This is no ordinary toy, gentleman! It has supernatural powers’. He paused a little; took a deep breath and stared at Ashish for few moments. He was perhaps evaluating how much money Ashish would be willing to shell out for a piece of magic mirror – Ashish thought. The old man went on to say, ‘When a blind person holds and concentrates on the mirror while chanting some given verses, the mirror tries to detect if the person is naturally blind. It then induces some special powers in him and the blind receives heavenly blessings to see a glimpse of the world around him, specially presented in the mirror – he can even see his family and friends.’

‘Wow, that is incredible! It would be as good as having one’s vision back.’ – Ashish exclaimed.

‘No, not exactly’ – said the old man and went on, ‘- this can happen only on three occasions in the life of a blind person and it would last only for few seconds each time’.    

Ashish was excited with the story and was determined to buy it. He knew it would be a nice addition to his collection of Chinese antiques. He was prepared to pay the asking price after a little haggle. The old man cautioned again, ‘This mirror is for the blind and not for you. Please do not try it yourself and never chant the verses while you look at the mirror. The verses are written behind the mirror and contained in the sealed envelope placed in the packing!’   

Ashish was thrilled at his new possession as he walked out of the shop. On reaching home, his curiosity overtook him. He knew how sellers of antique objects create unique stories to sell their products and try to spin their perceived value. Ashish was simply laughing at the seriousness with which the old man had cautioned him against experimenting with the mirror.

The mirror in any case looked beautiful and out of the world with a carved wooden rim and a mystic bluish shade. Ashish held the mirror in front and chanted the short verse. Nothing happened, as expected. But on his third jocular attempt, Ashish got a jolt. He saw a big flash of light coming out of the mirror carrying the glow of thousand suns – the glow pierced through his eyeballs and in a moment, he was groaning in pain. The worse had happened – he had lost his eyesight.

In a state of shock and helplessness he woke up and realized that it was a horrifying dream. It took him some time to realize that the mirror, the old man and the blinding glow of light were just as real as the dream itself.

Does anyone ever see the same dream again and again exactly in the same way? I was not sure.

Few days later, I came across a similar shop at Colaba Causeway in Mumbai. Walking along the busy pavement, I saw a board with an arrow showing the way to a shop selling ‘magic mirrors’. Curious, I wanted to buy one. It was an ordinary looking mirror though very old. The stains on the glass and its broken handle gave an impression that it was in use hundreds of years ago.  The shop keeper claimed it to be the rarest of the rare, a part of the hidden treasure secretly recovered from an ancient temple in the far south. The seller also emphasized that the mirror was an original piece although duplicates are available in the market aplenty.

However, the most interesting part was the story attached to the mirror, which justified the element of magic that held it apart. It seems the magic works only once in forty years, when the earth moves to a specific relative cosmic position. At that very moment, if a person looks at the mirror with meditative concentration, he would be able to see his next birth – his reincarnation as reflection on the mirror. The image of the next birth remains on display for few seconds, after which the glass breaks and the magical power of the mirror disappears. Nobody has any clue when that fateful day would arrive in the life of a magic mirror. The strands of the story could never be disputed, as it was impossible to verify the claims. ‘How nice it would be if one could get a glimpse of one’s reincarnation?’ – I thought to myself.

I bought the mirror and kept it at a prominent place in my study.

Next morning, I stood before the mirror to see if it worked.  To my utter surprise it did. I hardly realized that I was standing in front of the magic mirror at that rare moment in the cosmic time line, when the planetary constellation matched the secret code of the magic mirror. What a rare occasion it was!! The magic mirror revealed to me the body to which my soul would enter after I give up the earthly body of a human being! I could hear the clinking noise and the glass breaking into pieces. My excitement knew no bounds – only if I could record this moment to convince others that such a supernatural thing did take place. The magic mirror indeed showed its magic. The shopkeeper in the Colaba market was not fooling me with a random story. I was feeling blessed. The broken mirror was hanging in front of me.

But amidst all this excitement I could not register in my mind, the image that represented my rebirth. Was it an animal, a bird, an insect or a human being? Did I see a blank – a nothingness on the magic mirror? Would that mean salvation instead of rebirth?

I was not sure if it was a dream. If indeed it was, how I craved to see it once again to be more mindful of every detail.

I decided to call Ashish, my good friend, for help.

****

ପଖାଳ ପ୍ରୀତି

ପଞ୍ଚ ତାରକା ହୋଟେଲରେ ଏବେ ନିଦାଘର ମେନୁ ପଖାଳ, ଶାଗ
                       କଂଚା ପିଆଜ ମରିଚ ପାଗ
                                ମାଗ ନ ମାଗ
ପଖାଳ ଭାତର ଗୁଣ ସମାହାର ବିଦେଶୀ କାନରେ କହନ୍ତି ଆଗ II

ଆଭିଜାତ୍ୟର ସୋପାନରେ ଦେଖ ପଖାଳ ଯାଉଛି ଆଗକୁ ଚଢି
                      ଆଧିପତ୍ୟ ତା ଉଠଇ ଗଢି
                               ଯାଉ ସେ ବଢ଼ି
ପାଶୋରି ଯାଆନ୍ତୁ ଚାଓମିନ ଲୋକେ, ଖେଦି ଯାଉ ଆମ ପଖାଳ ବଡ଼ି II

ସଞ୍ଚିତ ଅବା ପଖାଳ ଭିତରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଜାତିର ଅତୀତ ଟେକ
                     ଅନ୍ତରେ କେତେ ଭକତି ଦେଖ
                               ନଥାଉ ଭେକ
ପଖାଳର ବାନା ଉଡାଇ ଉଡାଇ ସକଳ ଓଡିଶା ହେଲାଣି ଏକ II

ପଖାଳର କର ପ୍ରଚାର ପ୍ରସାର ଡାକ କିଟି ପାଟି ପଖାଳ କରି
                     ପିଅବି ତୋରାଣୀ ପରାଣ ଭରି
                                ନହେଉ ସରି
ଦେଶ ବିଦେଶର ରେସିପି ଆଗରେ ମଳିନ ନପଡୁ ପଖାଳ ଶିରୀ II

ହେଲେ ରହ କ୍ଷଣେ ଉତ୍କଳ ବାସୀ ପଖାଳ ଗାଥାରେ ଯାଅନା ଭାସି
                     ଚିନ୍ତନ କର ଘଡ଼ିଏ ବସି
                                କୁହ ଭରସି
ସତେକି ପଖାଳ ଅତୀତର ଟେକ, ଆମ ଗଉରବ ସବୁରି ଖୁସି ?

ଶୋଷଣ କଷଣ ମରୁଡି ମରଣ ଓଡ଼ିଆର ଥିଲା କପାଳ ଲେଖା
                      ସୁଷମ ଖାଇବା ଥିଲା ଅଦେଖା
                                ପଖାଳ ଯୋଖା
ପେଟ ଭରୁଥିଲା ଭାତ ଆଉ ପାଣି ଶାଗ ତରକାରି କେବଳ ଚଖା II

ଭୁଞ୍ଜନ କର ବିଳାସେ ପଖାଳ ଆମୋଦରେ କର ପଖାଳ ପାଟି
                      ନଥାଉ ଗରିବୀ ନାଚାର ଭୀତି
                                ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଜାତି
ପଖାଳେ ନଖୋଜ ଅତୀତର ମାନ ଶୁଭିବ କେବଳ କରୁଣ ଗୀତି II

****

High Tide

I was walking past the iconic Asiatic Library near the Horniman Circle. It was another bright sunny day. Dozens of people were hanging out on the stairs of the Library; some of them posing and clicking pictures. However, the hustle and bustle on the pavement was missing as it was a holiday.

My smart phone faithfully kept displaying two unsolicited pieces of information – the temperature was 38 degrees Celsius and that it felt like forty two. Indeed the heat was higher than usual in South Mumbai even for a hot summer.

Just then I saw something curious on the other side of the road along the garden. An old man was sitting there leaning against a tree. His legs stretched out and hands lay lifeless alongside. His head drooped to the front.

I crossed the road intuitively to go near him. Perhaps the old man needed some help.

As I drew closer, I saw him as a frail old man almost lifeless. Neatly clothed in trousers and a full-sleeve shirt, as if for a formal occasion, how could he sit there on the dusty roadside? The wrinkles on the face could not hide his sophisticated looks. He seemed to be a rich person. He must have been a handsome well-built man in his youth.

I tried making some noise to wake him up. He sat lifeless making me fear that he was dead! I did not want to get into complications with the police if the old man was dead already and I was found near him as a stranger taking avoidable interest in his body. A rich man’s death on the roadside is not the same as that of the poor – one would raise suspicion of crime while the other, emotions against hunger and apathy.

But suddenly he opened his eyes and looked at me. He murmured something, loud enough for me to take notice. He was perhaps asking me to help him stand up.

I rushed closer to him and enquired whether he was fine. The old man ignored my anxiety and asked if there was high tide in the sea. I could not exactly follow what he was saying. I told him, the Marine Drive was few kilometres away if he wanted to go closer to the ocean front. He appeared incoherent in his words but was definitely not going to die at that moment. I had a sense of relief.

I genuinely wanted to help and not abandon him high and dry. I was trying to enquire whether he wanted help to go home, but the old man was not responding.

Suddenly he was trying to raise his hands perhaps seeking assistance. I was preparing to lean and lift his hands when a car stopped by and the chauffer came rushing. He rudely pushed me aside and effortlessly gathered the old man in his able arms and made him stand on his feet. The old man started walking at a slow pace towards the car with his right hand on the chauffer’s shoulders.

He still looked at me trying to say something. I went closer. He thanked me for being nice.

The chauffer helped him sit in the car. Before getting into the car himself, the chauffer looked at me and said – mind your own business.

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ରହ ରହ କ୍ଷଣେ

ରହ ରହ କ୍ଷଣେ ଆକାଶ-ଶକଟ
ଦେଖିବି ଉପରୁ କେଉଁଠି କଟକ ।।

ଉପରୁ ଉପର ଯାଏ ଯେତେ ଦୂର
ଭସା ବାଦଲର ଅପରୂପ ପୁର
ଅପସରି ଯାଏ ତଳେ ଘର ଦ୍ୱାର,
ବାଟ ଘାଟ ନଈ ଦୋକାନ ବଜାର ।।

ଦେଖିବି ନିରେଖି ଦୂର୍ଗ ବାରବାଟି
କାଠଯୋଡ଼ି ପୋଲ, ସାହି ପରିପାଟି
ଉପରୁ ଦିଶିବ ଯୋବ୍ରା ଆନିକଟ
ହାଇକୋଟ ପୁଣି ନଦୀ ଦୁଇ ତଟ ।।

ଦିଶିବକି ସତେ ସାହି ଦେବୀଘର
ମନ୍ଦିର ମଥାନ, ଆମ ଛାତପର
ଏକାବେଳେ ମୋର ପଡିବ ନଜର
ସବୁ ଗଳିକନ୍ଦି ସାରା କଟକର ।।

ରହିଯାଆ କ୍ଷଣେ ଆକଶ ପଥରେ
ଦେଖିବି ସହର ବିହଙ୍ଗ ଆଖିରେ
ଉପରୁ ଦିଶଇ ସବୁ ସମତୁଲ
ବଡ ମନୋରମ ଡ଼ଉଲ ଡାଉଲ

ପାଖେଥିଲେ ସିନା ଦିଶେ ନରଦମା
ସାଇ ପଡିଶାର ମିଛ ପରିସୀମା
ଭୋକ, ଅନାଟନ ଭଙ୍ଗାରୁଜା ଘର
ବିଭବ, ଅଭାବ ବିରୋଧର ସ୍ୱର ।।

ରହ ରହ କ୍ଷଣେ ଆକାଶ-ଶକଟ
ଦେଖିବି ଉପରୁ କେଉଁଠି କଟକ ।।

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Obsolescence

Obsolescence is an unavoidable truth. It is best reflected in generation gap, where our behaviour and choices fail to match the changing times. There is nothing new in this phenomenon. Our grand parents must have felt the pinch of generation gap in the same way as our parents did. Yet this time it is different!! No generation prior to ours may have seen such profound obsolescence of iconic products and services that once dominated daily lives.

One thing that comes to mind is the telegram service, which used to be the fastest way to communicate in earlier times. Introduced to the public in the year 1954 in India, telegram had become a ubiquitous mode for important communications. When one travelled long distances, one would send a telegram to confirm safe arrival to his near and dear ones. Messages of death and ill health usually travelled through telegrams giving the service a sense of notoriety in the Bollywood.  Telegram was professed as a scientific wonder, which contributed greatly to human welfare. Contrast this with the communication technology available today.

‘At its peak in the mid-1980s, more than 45,000 telegraph offices dotted the country, with tens of thousands of telegraph workers and delivery men dispatching more than 600,000 telegrams a day’ (The Telegraph, UK – 15 July 2013). However, with the advent of alternative communication methods, telegram services looked archaic. By the year 2013, the service was withdrawn as unviable and unnecessary. Thousands were seen queuing up in front of the Central Telegraph Office in Mumbai on the last day of the telegram service in 2013 only to experience sending the last telegram of their lives. It was an emotional moment bidding goodbye to the telegram service as it transited to the pages of history.

The other thing that has practically vanished from sight is the humble typewriter. We could never imagine an office without the click-clack of the typewriter. It looks incredible today that hundreds of ordinary people possessed the ability to type out neat pages without having to use a ‘delete’, ‘back-space’ or ‘copy-paste’ button. The carbon paper was the inseparable companion of the typewriter helping it to create multiple copies, as the typewriter had had no memory. Further, every street corner boasted of a training school teaching the art of typing – it definitely served as a source of ample employment! The advent of computers pushed the typewriter out of its useful life first in the West and thereafter in India. Godrej & Boyce in India produced the last batch of typewriters in 2011. The extinct species of typewriter can still be found quite inexplicably inside the court premises producing affidavits, lease deeds and other documents related to the judiciary. This is perhaps the last phase after which the typewriter will pass completely into oblivion.

There are many more things that have come and gone in our lifetime: the music cassettes and the cassette player, VCR – the owners’ pride of yesteryears, and pager that lived a short life in the world of telecommunications; to recount a few. Smartphones and Internet have changed our lives for good. When we look back about two decades ago, our own ways of doing things at that time look archaic to us, not just to the generation younger than us. This type of obsolescence is really amazing.

As overwhelming changes on account of Internet and smartphones took over an existing generation of people, they had to upgrade their skills and adapt fast – even by unlearning a thing or two of the age-old habits. Interaction with a touch screen comes naturally to a teen-ager today because he has seen no other, but it has taken a process of adjustment for a generation to get a hang of it.

Obsolescence is perhaps setting in quicker than ever before. Rapid change in technology is bringing in frequent twists and turns in the way we interact with others including with the inanimate objects.

Imagine, a person who was once sending telegrams as the fasted means of communication, is now using on-line video chats. Gone are the days when he tried his best to minimise the number words he would write in a telegram message, as every additional word beyond the first few would be very expensive. His office is no more dotted with busy typewriters, as e-mails and other applications are seamlessly doing things with greater efficiency. The changes around such a person are absolutely transforming.

This generation is indeed lucky to experience obsolescence of unthinkable magnitude.

 

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ବିଜୟ ରଥ

ଦୁର୍ଗମ ଆଉ ଦୀର୍ଘ ପଥର 
            ପଥିକ ଆମେରେ ପଥିକ ଆଜି
ସମ୍ବଳ ଆମ ସମ୍ଭାବନାର
            ଅଥଳ ଅଶେଷ ସପନ ରାଜି ।

ଆଗ୍ନେୟ ସମ ବହ୍ନି ପ୍ରଖର
            ହୃଦୟେ ନିରତ ଝରୁଛି ଲାଭା
ଉନ୍ମାଦନାର ଉତ୍ତାଳ ଢେଉ
            ପରାଣେ ଖେଳାଏ ଆଶାର ଆଭା।

ଯତ୍ନରେ ଗଢ଼ା ରତ୍ନ ସମାନ
            ସ୍ବପ୍ନ ସକଳ ମନରେ ଭରା
ବିଶ୍ୱାସ ଆଉ ଆତ୍ମ ପରଖ
            ଆମ ଯାତ୍ରାର ପାଥେୟ ପରା ।

ଲଂଗର ତୋଳି ମଙ୍ଗ ଧରିବା
            ବାହିବା ନିଜର ବୋଇତ ନିଜେ
ଭବ୍ୟ ପଥର ଉଦ୍ଭବ ହେବ
            ସନ୍ଧାନୀ ଯେଣୁ ଉପାୟ ଖୋଜେ ।

ବନ୍ଦର ଦୂର ଅନ୍ଧାର ଘୋର
            ବତୀଘର ନାହିଁ ପାଖରେ କାହିଁ
ଭ୍ରଷ୍ଟ ନହେଉ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ତଥାପି 
            ଲହଡି, ବତାସ, ହତାଶା ପାଇଁ ।

ରୁନ୍ଧି ନହେବା ବନ୍ଦ କୋଠିରେ
            ବାତାୟନ ଥାଉ ସକଳ ଦିଗେ
ତୁଙ୍ଗ ପାହାଡ ଲଙ୍ଘିବା ବଳେ
            ନୋଇବାନି ମଥା ଆପଦ ଆଗେ ।

ଦକ୍ଷ ମଣିଷ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ହାରେନା
            ବିଘ୍ନ ବିପଦ ଆସିଲେ ପଥେ
ଶଙ୍କା କାତର ଉତ୍ସାହ ଯାର,
            କେବେ ସେ ବସିନି ବିଜୟ ରଥେ ।

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Global Ranking

Every country has a brand image – a perception about the country associated with its name. If we think of Syria or Yemen, we have an outsider’s general impression of war, miseries and destruction while the perception about Singapore or Australia is drastically different. Is there a way to formally analyze nations’ respective brands and even order them from best to worse?

There are several agencies, which come out with periodic reports on nations’ brands. These agencies reckon perceptions about a country in terms of its culture, heritage, present-day infrastructure, governance, tourism, investments, etc. to estimate its brand value. India’s ranking in the list of nation-brands published by some reputed agencies is as follows:

  • Brand Finance, a London based agency measures and contrasts the brand image of leading 100 countries and comes out with an annual report. The last available report (2016) places India at the 7th position – US, China, Germany, Japan and UK are the first five countries in that order.
  • In terms of the Anholt-GfK Nation Brands Index of 2016, USA, Germany, UK, Canada and France adorn the top five ranks in that order. India’s ranking under this index is available in the public domain for 2014, when it stood 31st among 50 countries.
  • Country Brand Index published by FutureBrand places India among the bottom 10% of the 118 countries it covered in its 2014-15 report.

The brand position of India as a nation varies widely depending on the underlying factors considered by the concerned agencies. Whatever be the brand ranking, it is true that India is one of the top destinations for Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). Just as customers would flock to buy products belonging to the most valued brand, investors would gravitate towards the country that promises long-term value for their money. In that sense, India seems to have scored over many other countries by being an attractive FDI destination.

Let’s look at two reports on FDI flows – one published by UNCTAD in its World Investment Report 2017 and the other, FDI Confidence Index 2017 presented by A.T. Kearney, a global consulting firm.

  • FDI flows to developing Asia decreased by 15% in 2016 compared to the previous year. Yet FDI flow to India stayed largely flat; rather it was up by 1% from the previous year. The year 2017 is expected to be far better with FDI flows to developing Asia poised to rise by 15%. The most favourite FDI destinations in the world for 2017 are expected to be US, China and India. (UNCTAD)
  • A.T. Kearney FDI Confidence Index captures investment intentions and thereby provides a forward-looking stance. The latest Index places India at the 8th position, an upward jump by one notch from the position held last year. US, Germany and China secure the first three positions in the FDI Confidence Index.

India’s population of over a billion, demographic dividend, skilled manpower and high GDP growth are some of the known positives to attract foreign investment. It s, however, interesting that international confidence in India is high despite opaque government processes, rampant corruption and poor physical infrastructure. Investors perhaps draw confidence from the fact that it is the world’s largest democracy and the possibilities are immense. The positives about India perhaps outweigh the constraints associated with it.

While high FDI appears to be a global acknowledgement of India’s attractiveness and a welcome boost to the country’s brand image, there is another global ranking we may not feel proud about. it is the Global Hunger Index (GHI), presented by the International Food Policy Research Institute. The latest GHI (2016) ranks India at 97th place in a list of 118 countries. The index is based on a measure of malnutrition, under-nutrition among children and child mortality. Low ranking in the hunger index is a matter of concern.

Hopefully, high FDI inflow will eventually help raise the country’s ranking in the hunger index.

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